Abstract. In this article, you will get information about the history of the creation of Imam Tirmizi, a hadith scholar who has a place in the history of Islamic civilization, and his scientific works.
Keywords: hadith, Islamic religion, progress, Shaykhul-Islam, «Al-jame’ as- sahih», collection, hadith scholar.
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada Islom svilizatsiyasi tarixida o’z o’rniga ega bo’lgan hadisshunos Imom Termiziy va uning ilmiy asarlari yaratilish tarixi haqida ma’lumotlarga ega bo’lasiz.
Kalit so’zlar: hadis, islom dini, taraqqiyot, Shayxul-Islom, «Al-jome’ as- sahih», to’plam, hadisshunos.
Ibnul Asir Jameul mentions the full name of Imam Termizi as Abu Isa Muhammad ibn Isa ibn Sawra ibn Musa ibn Zahhak al-Bughi al-Sulami al-Termizi in his Usul books. He was known by his nickname «Abu Isa». The reason why it is called Al-Termizi is said to refer to a well-known and famous city in Mowaroonnahr. The reason they are called Al-Bugyi is related to one of the villages of Termiz where they were born.
Birth and Death: He was born in 209 A.H. and died in Termiz on Monday, the 13th of Rajab, 279 A.H. Some also add «zarir» after their names. Zarir means blind. Because at the end of his life, his eyes became blind. Imam Hakim, I heard from Umar ibn Ilk that Imam Bukhari died. Now in Khurasan there is no one like Abu Isa in knowledge, discipline, piety and asceticism. He cried so much that his eyes became weak.
Praise of Scholars: In the Book of Samani Ansab, Imam Termizi was the Imam of his time without any competition. Zarbul was a parable in the sharpness of his mind and the strength of his ability to memorize.Imam Bukhari said that even if he was a mentor, I benefited more from him than you.
Abul Fido Al-Mukhtasar, Imam, Hafiz, blind, was one of the famous scholars of hadith followed in the science of hadith.
DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: Imam Termizi, may God bless him and grant him peace, received his initial knowledge from the sheikhs of the place where he was born and raised. Around the year 235, at the age of 25, he studied science from the scholars of Khorasan, Iraq, Hijaz and other countries. In his place, he learned from the greatest scientists. As a result, they became mature imams of their time. In particular, Imam Muslim bin Hajjaj Qushayri, the owner of the Sahih collection, and Sulaiman bin Ash’as, the owner of the Sunan Abu Duwood, received knowledge and narrated hadiths from famous teachers. The status of the hadiths and narrators was taken from his greatest teacher, Muhammad ibn Ismail Bukhari, who was called the Commander of the Faithful in the hadith. For a long time, he enjoyed the bounties of knowledge by following his teacher. In addition, Abdullah ibn Abd al-Rahman took the halim from Darimi and Abu Zura Razidan.
During his creative and scientific career, Termizi wrote a number of works, most of which are directly devoted to hadiths. From the earliest times, among Islamic scholars, great attention has been paid to the correctness of hadiths and their reliance on reliable sources. For example, since that time, vague, incomplete, and even false hadiths began to spread among the people. At such times, they were repeatedly checked, returned to their original state as a result of the painstaking work of muhaddis, and recorded in writing. As a result, among Islamic scholars, the authors of the six collections of hadiths (Sihi sitta) collected and arranged on the basis of reliable sources are recognized as the most influential and respected muhaddiths. One of the recognized famous muhaddis is Imam Tirmidhi. Let’s have a brief look at the works of our great grandfather:
«Al-jame’ as-sahih». Among the works created in the creative activity of Imam Tirmidhi, «al-jame’ al-sahih» (True collection) occupies the most important place. This work, as we mentioned above, is also called «Al-jame’ul kabir», (Big collection), «Sahih Imam Tirmizi», «Sunani Imam Tirmizi». According to historian Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Imam Tirmidhi wrote this work in the year 270 Hijri (884 AD), that is, when he was about sixty years old, after gaining great experience in science and attaining the rank of imam. The manuscripts of this work are kept in several cities of the world, as well as in our country, in the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan Beruni, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. As an important source, «al-Jame’ as-sahih» has been published several times. It is enough to show that it was published in Mitoh in 1283 (1866), in Cairo in 1292 (1875), and in Beirut in 1980 [1].
A number of commentaries have been written on this important work of Imam Termizi, among them the commentaries of Imam Hafiz Abu Bakr Muhammad Ashbili, known as ibn Arabi, entitled «Oridatul Ahwazi ala Kitab Imam Termizi», consisting of 13 juz’ (parts). This review was originally published in Cairo in 1931. Another commentary by Imam Hafiz Abu Ali Muhammad Abdurrahman ibn Abdurahim Mubarakfuri is called «Tuhfatul-Ahwazi Bisharhi Imam Termizi». This four-volume work was published in Beirut in 1979 (an Indian edition is also available). The Egyptian scientist and writer Jamaluddin Abdurrahman ibn Abu Bakr Suyuti’s (1445-1505) commentary on the work of Imam Tirmidhi was called
«Qutul Mughtazi ala Jame’ Imam Termizi» (two parts of it were published). In addition to these, Muhammad ibn Abduqadir Abu Tayyib Madani’s «Sharhu Sunani Imam Termizi», Ahmad Muhammad Shakir’s «Tahqiq wa sharhu Jame’ Imam Tirmizi» (two tenths of which were published by Mustafaul Babiyul Halabi in 1937), Muhammad Yusuf Bannuri’s «Maarif Sunani Sharh Sunani» Imam Termizi» (the first part of which was published in Pakistan in 1963), Siraj Ahmad Sarhandi’s Persian commentary entitled «Sharh Sunani Imam Termizi», as well as Rashib Ahmadul Kanuhi’s «Al-kawkab ad-durri ala Imam Termizi» (published in India), «Al-arf ash-Shazi ala Jame’ Imam Termizi» in two volumes by Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri (this work was also published in India) and finally «Hashiya ala Sunani Imam Termizi» by Abul Hasan Muhammad ibn Abdulhadi Sanadi (he died in 1138). Comments like
Abu Ali Mansur ibn Abdullah Khalidi said: «Imam Termizi: «I wrote Sunan Termizi and showed it to the scholars of Hijaz, Iraq, Khorasan. Everyone was satisfied with this book and said: «Whoever has this book in his home, it will be as if the Prophet, may God bless him and grant him peace, is speaking in his home».[2]
«Al-Jame’» contains beneficial knowledge, full benefits and great issues. It is one of the foundations of Islam.
Abu Nasr Abdurahim ibn Abdul Khaliq said: «Termizi’s «Al-Jame’» hadiths consist of four parts:
- Authentic hadiths.
- Hadiths that meet the conditions of Abu Dawud and Nasa’i.
- Statement of hadiths contrary to the above hadiths and their reasons.
- Statement of inauthentic hadiths and their vices.
Termizi: «The jurists followed the hadiths that I narrated in this book. There are only a couple of hadiths that were not followed. They said: «Whoever repents three times and drinks vodka, beat him. Kill him the fourth time», and «The Prophet, may God’s prayers and peace be upon him, spent the afternoon and evening in Madinah. There was no danger and they were not on a journey.
«Sunani al-Termizi» is a clear proof that he is an imam, a powerful memorizer and a master of jurisprudence. However, many were not strict in accepting the hadiths, and they were also complacent in evaluating the narrators.
It is written in Ibn Tahir’s books «Al-Mansur»: «The works of Sheikhul Islam Abu Ismail: «Al-jame’ Imam Termizi» of Tirmidhi are more interesting than the books of Bukhari and Muslim. Because only scholars can use the books of Bukhari and Muslim, and everyone can use the books of Termizi».[3]
«Shamail-un-Nabawiyya». Another major work of Abu Isa Imam Tirmidhi is called «Shamail-un-Nabawiyya» (Special Qualities of the Prophet). This work is also referred to in some sources as «Ash-Shamail fi Shamail an-Nabi sallallahu alayhi wasallam» and «Ash-Shamailul Muhammadiya». The work is a valuable resource that contains four hundred and eight hadiths about the personal life of the Prophet, his virtues and habits.
At this point, it should be noted that many scholars and muhaddiths have been engaged in collecting hadiths on this subject, that is, the qualities and habits of the Prophet, and such hadiths have been included in various books. But the advantage and difference of Imam Termizi’s work from others is that the author systematically collected all the hadiths about the qualities of the Prophet, as far as possible, organized them in a logically consistent manner and classified them in the form of a unique independent and complete book. «Shamail-un-Nabawiyya» has been attracting the attention of Islamic scholars and researchers for a long time.
A number of commentaries and footnotes have also been written on this work, written in Arabic. Among them are «Sharhush-shamail» by Abdurauful Munaviyul Misri (died 1003 Hijri), «Jam’ul-wasail fi sharhi-shamail» by Ali ibn Sultanul Haravi Qari (died 1192 Hijri), «Al-mawahibul Muhammadiyya» by Sulaiman ibn Umar ibn Mansurul Jumal. It is possible to cite examples such as Shamail Imam Termiziya’s commentary. A manuscript of this work is preserved in the Azhar Library in Cairo under the number 144 of the Science of Hadith, «Al-fawaidul jalilatul bahiyya ala ash-shamailul Muhammadiyya» by Muhammad ibn Jasusul Maliki (died in 1182 AH) (this work was published in 1927) and finally in the Azhar University it is possible to show the comments of the former Shaykh Ibrahim Bojuri, such as «Al-mawahibul laduniya ala shamail Imam Termiziyya».
Our great grandfather also wrote «Kitab-tarikh», «Kitabul ilal as-saghir wa ilalul kabir», «Kitabuz-zuhd» (Book about piety), «Kitabul asma wal kuna» (Book about the names and nicknames of the narrators), «Al-ilal fil hadith» (About vices or deviations in hadiths), «Risola fil khilaf wal jadal» (Treatise about disagreements and disputes in hadiths), «Asmous-sahoba» (Names of the companions of the Prophet) [4].
Abu Sa’d Idrisi, who was one of his students, praised his teachers and said that they were well known for their memorization and intelligence. Another of his students says: «After the death of Imam Bukhari, no one could be found in Khurasan in knowledge, intellect, piety, and asceticism like Abu Isa Imam Tirmidhi.» Imam Termizi became blind in the last two years of his life due to crying a lot.
Ibn Atiyya says: «In my presence, the books of Imam Tirmidhi are brighter and more understandable than the books of Imam Bukhari and Muslim.» «Why?» When asked, Atiyya said: «Because only people of knowledge and enlightenment can use the books of the two imams.» When one of the sheikhs recited 40 strange hadiths to Imam Tirmidhi and read them from beginning to end without making a single mistake, he said: «I have never seen a person like you.» Imam Tirmidhi is the author of many books. Especially, the books of «Sunan» books are beautiful and useful, there are few repeated words, and they are written in a beautiful order.
Abu Ali Mansur ibn Abdullah Khalidi describes Imam Tirmidhi’s books
«Jame’ al-Sahih» and says: «Whoever has this book in his home, it will be as if our Prophet is speaking in his home» [5].
The works of Abu Isa Termizi have not lost their value even now. His hadiths mentioned in his works such as «Al-jame’ as-sahih» and «Ash-shamail an- nabawiyya» are of great educational value and teach people to be honest, fair, faithful, pious, pure, hardworking, kind, compassionate, father. -mother calls to be respectful towards women.
CONCLUSION:On the initiative of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, the Abu Isa Termizi mausoleum in Sherabad district was renovated, and on February 14, 2017, the head of our country decided to establish the Imam Termizi International Research Center.
On the basis of this decision, the Imam Termizi International Research Center was built in the city of Termiz. Shown in Figure 2 in the Appendices. In it, the religion of Islam, including the science of hadith, the heritage of Abu Isa Tirmidhi and the scholars of Tirmidhi are deeply studied. Textbooks and training manuals, popular publications, scientific and practical recommendations are prepared for use in religious education, spiritual and moral education.
The head of our state visited the center and got acquainted with the conditions created here. The great muhaddis gave recommendations on studying the life and works of Imam Termizi in depth, conveying them to the younger generation, and publishing books in a language understandable to our people. It was emphasized here that it is necessary to create suitable conditions for conducting scientific research, to expand the participation of scientists in international scientific conferences.
Ismailova Nigora Mirzoaliyevna,
Mirzo Ulugbek National University of Uzbekistan, 1st course student of
philology and language teaching: English
LIST OF USED LITERATURES:
- Inoyatov A. Termizi’s article. 2016. // www.minbar.uz
- Kenjabek M. Sunani Termizi. – Tashkent: Sharq, 2012.
- Torakulov M. Imam Termizi’s article. 2015. // www.muslimun.uz.
- Kenjabek M. Sunani Termizi. – Tashkent: Sharq, 2012. – P. 28.
- Inoyatov A. Termizi’s article. 2016. – B. 2. // www.minbar.uz
- Kenjabek M. Sunani Termizi. – Tashkent: Sharq, 2012. – P. 28.
- Kenjabek M. Sunani Termizi. – Tashkent: Sharq, 2012. – P. 29. 8. https://kun.uz/uz/82723093
